Appendicitis

Definition

The appendix is a small, tube-like organ that hangs from the large intestine. Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix. The appendix has no known function.

Appendicitis

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Causes

Appendicitis may be caused by something trapped in the appendix, such as:

• A piece of dried stool
• A piece of food
• Tumors
• Scar tissue
• Worms
• Barium after an exam
• Overgrowth of the lymph tissue of the appendix

The lining of the appendix continues to produce mucus. It has no place to go. Bacteria normally found in the intestines buildup and make toxins in the lining of the appendix. Pressure builds and causes severe pain in the abdomen. The wall of the appendix can break open. The contents of a ruptured appendix can spill into the abdominal cavity, which can lead to a life-threatening infection called peritonitis . Appendicitis needs to be treated right away.

Risk Factors

Appendicitis is more common in men and teenagers.

You are at increased risk of developing appendicitis if you have family members who have had appendicitis.

Symptoms

Symptoms usually happen quickly. Pain usually increases during a 6-12 hour period. Some or all of the following may be present:

• Pain:
  • Starts as discomfort around the belly button
  • Usually moves to the right side of the abdomen over several hours
  • May be in a different location if the appendix is not in the usual place
  • Increases as redness and swelling in the appendix builds
  • Worsens with sneezing, coughing, and deep breathing
  • May increase with movement
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Swelling of the abdomen
• Abdomen feels hard and is sensitive to touch
• Constipation
• Mild diarrhea
• Slight fever

If the appendix ruptures, symptoms include:

• Pain becoming stronger and spreading across the abdomen
• Increasing fever

Note: Symptoms may be different in infants, children, pregnant women, and the elderly.

Diagnosis

If you have severe pain in the abdomen, get medical help right away. Appendicitis can be hard to diagnose. Symptoms vary and can be similar to symptoms of other diseases.

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done, including:

• A careful examination of the abdomen
• A rectal exam

Your bodily fluids may be tested. This can be done with:

• Blood tests
• Urine tests

Your bodily structures may need to be viewed. This can be done with:

• Ultrasound
• CT scan
• MRI scan
• Laparoscopy

Treatment

The main treatment for appendicitis is a total appendectomy . It is usually done as soon as possible.

Uncomplicated appendicitis can be treated with antiobiotics.

Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent appendicitis. It starts quickly and the cause is usually unknown. Get medical care right away for severe abdominal pain. It will decrease the risk of rupture.