Development Dysplasia of the Hip

Causes

DDH is caused by how the baby is positioned in the womb.

Risk Factors

This problem is more common in newborns. It is also more common in girls. Things that may raise the risk are:

• Breech birth (feet first)
• Low levels of amniotic fluid during pregnancy
• Using incorrect swaddling positions
• A family history of DDH

Symptoms

DDH can make the hip unstable and loose. The problem is more common in the left hip, but both hip joints can also be affected. Symptoms may depend on the age of the child. Problems may be:

• Uneven folds in a newborn's thigh or hip
• Problems with motion and flexibility around the time a baby learns to crawl
• One leg that is shorter than the other
• Limping, lurching, walking on toes, or other unevenness when a child walks

Diagnosis

DDH may be found when a baby is born or during a physical exam. The exam will focus on the child's hips.

Pictures of the hips may be taken. This can be done with:

• X-rays
• Ultrasound

Treatment

The goal of treatment is for the hip to be in the correct position. How it is done depends on the child's age. Options are:

• Watchful waiting of newborns to see if the problem gets better
• A harness to keep a newborn or baby's hip in place
• Adjusting the hip bones and applying a lower body cast
• Hip surgery and a lower body cast

Prevention

Avoiding tight swaddling positions may lower the risk in some children.