Mild Cognitive Impairment

Causes

The causes are not clear. It may be caused by early brain changes of dementias such as Alzheimer disease.

Risk Factors

MCI is more common in people over 65 years of age. Things that may raise a person's risk are:

• Family history of MCI, dementia, or Alzheimer disease
• Smoking
• Health problems such as depression, diabetes, and stroke
• Not being active
• Low levels of vitamin D

Symptoms

A person with MCI may:

• Be forgetful or forget how to do tasks
• Be irritable
• Not have or show emotions
• Get upset easily
• Have problems making decisions

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done. Cognitive tests will also be done. The doctor may also talk with family members and caregivers.

More tests may be done to confirm the diagnosis. For example:

• Blood tests may be done to look for gene changes.
• A lumbar puncture may also be done to check the fluid around the brain and spine.
• Images may be taken of the brain. This can be done with an MRI or CT scan .

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms. Healthy habits can ease the impact of symptoms. Steps may include:

• Cognitive training to help memory and function
• Getting light exercise
• Eating a healthful diet that includes fish

Medicine

There are no medicines that have been shown to help MCI. Some people may be given cholinesterase inhibitors to treat changes in thinking.

Prevention

Healthy habits may lower the risk of MCI in some people. This means:

• Exercising regularly
• Eating a healthful diet
• Avoiding or quitting smoking or vaping
• Staying mentally active