Sjogren's Syndrome

Causes

The cause is not known. Genetics, the environment, and hormones may play a role.

Risk Factors

This problem is more common in women. It usually starts in those who are 40 to 55 years of age.

Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Having certain genes
• Having other family members who have autoimmune diseases
• Viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus

Symptoms

Problems may be:

• Eyes that are red, burning, itching, and dry
• Dry mouth
• Problems swallowing
• Loss of taste and smell
• Dry skin, nose, and throat
• Swollen glands
• Vaginal dryness in women
• Skin rashes
• Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness
• Muscle pain
• Lack of energy

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. Eye and dental exams will also be done.

Blood tests will be done to look for antibodies linked to this syndrome.

Images of the salivary glands may be taken. This can be done with:

• Scintagraphy
• Sialography
• Ultrasound

Salivary gland tissue may need to be tested. This can be done with a biopsy.

Treatment

There is no cure. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms.

Medicine may be given to ease:

• Dryness
• Joint and muscle pain
• Swelling

Healthy habits can also help. Drinking plenty of fluids can ease symptoms, such as dry mouth. Regular exercise can also help to increase energy.

People with severe dry eye may need surgery. A plug may be placed in the tear ducts to stop fluid from draining from the eyes.

Prevention

There are no known methods to prevent this health problem.