Sore Throat
Overview
Causes
Many things can cause a sore throat. They may be:
- Viral infections such as the flu, mononucleosis, and the common cold
- Bacterial infections such as strep throat
- Mucus that drains from the sinuses
- Drinking alcohol or smoking
- Breathing polluted air
- Seasonal or other allergies
- Acid reflux
- Pieces of food collecting in the tonsils
- Certain immune or inflammatory problems
Risk Factors
Sore throats are more common children, teens, or people aged 65 years and older. Things that raise the risk are:
- Being near someone with an infection involving the throat or nose
- Being exposed to:
- Cigarette smoke
- Toxic fumes
- Industrial smoke
- Air pollution
- Having seasonal or other allergies
- Having immune system problems, such as HIV infection or cancer
SymptomsandDiagnosis
Symptoms
Other symptoms may occur with the sore throat. They may be:
- Difficulty swallowing
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Fever
- Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck
- Hoarse voice, cough, or problems breathing
- Red or irritated-looking throat
- Swollen tonsils
- White patches on or near the tonsils
Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam may be done. This involves looking at the mouth, throat, nose, ears, and lymph nodes in the neck.
Tests may include:
- Rapid strep test or throat culture—swabbing the throat to check for strep throat
- Blood tests—to check for causes of the sore throat
- Mono spot test—to check for mononucleosis
Treatments
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause of the sore throat. Options may be:
- Medicines to ease symptoms, such as:
- Antibiotics—for a sore throat caused by a bacterial infection
- Throat lozenges
- Decongestants and antihistamines—to ease a stuffy or runny nose
- Numbing throat spray
- Corticosteroids—to ease discomfort or help breathing, if there is trouble
- Self-care such as rest and lots of fluids
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
Edits to original content made by Denver Health.
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