Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Causes

The cause is not known.

Risk Factors

SLE is more common in women aged 15 to 45 years of age. It is also more common in people who are Black, Asian, and Hispanic.

Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Family history
• Oral contraceptives
• Celiac disease
• Stress-related disorders

Symptoms

Symptoms can be mild or severe. It can affect one part of the body or many. Though symptoms can last a long time, there are often times without symptoms in between.

Problems may be:

• Body pain, such as:
  • Headaches
  • Chest pain
  • Belly pain
  • Swollen and painful joints
• Tiredness
• Fever
• Swollen muscles
• Skin and other tissue problems, such as:
  • Rashes over areas exposed to sunlight
  • Hair loss
  • Mouth sores
• Nausea and vomiting
• Weight loss
• Problems breathing

Common SLE Rash Sites

Facial butterfly rash is a hallmark symptom of SLE.

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Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done. Symptoms differ for each person and change over time. This can make it hard to diagnose.

Tests that may be done include:

• Blood tests
• Urine tests
• Images taken with an MRI scan
• Skin biopsy

Treatment

There is no cure for SLE. The goal of treatment is to reduce organ damage and manage symptoms. One or more medicines may be used, such as:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)—to ease pain, swelling, and fever
• Antimalarial drugs—to help the immune system reduce lupus flares
• Corticosteroids—to reduce inflammation
• Drugs to suppress the immune system—for severe lupus
• Biologics—can help reduce symptoms in some people

Habit changes can help prevent flare ups. This can include things like staying out of the sun, limiting stress, and getting enough rest.

Prevention

There are no known guidelines to prevent this health problem.