Quadriplegia and Paraplegia
Overview
Causes
Paraplegia happens when there is damage below the neck. Quadriplegia happens when the damage is at the base of the neck or skull.
The most common cause is trauma, such as from a sports injury, car accident, or fall. Other causes are:
- Multiple sclerosis
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Quadriplegia |
![]() |
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc. |
SymptomsandDiagnosis
Symptoms
Paralysis may be total or partial. It depends on how much of the spinal cord is damaged. Other problems may be:
- Loss of bladder or bowel control—incontinence
- Loss of sexual function
- Trouble breathing
- Problems sitting upright
Inactivity can lead to other problems, such as:
- Pressure sores
- Abnormal muscle tightness
- Pneumonia
- Urinary tract infection
- Weakened bones
- Chronic pain
People may also become depressed because of:
- Lack of social and emotional support
- Being more dependence on others
Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. Many health specialists will be involved in the diagnosis.
Blood tests will be done. The fluid around the brain and spine may also be tested. This can be done with a lumbar puncture.
Images may need to be taken of the spine. This can be done with:
- CT scan
- MRI scan
- Myelography (rarely used)
Nerve function may be tested. This can be done with:
- Nerve conduction study
- Somatosensory evoked potentials (rarely used)
Treatments
Treatment
Emergency care will be needed. It can prevent further damage. Choices are:
- Steroids and other medicines to lessen damage to nerves and nearby tissue
- Surgery to stabilize the spine or ease pressure on it
Therapy
Therapy will be needed to improve function and quality of life. Choices are:
- Physical therapy—to improve strength and learn how to use assistive devices
- Occupational therapy—to help with daily tasks and self care
- Speech therapy—to help with swallowing and speech
- Psychological therapy—to provide support
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
Edits to original content made by Denver Health.
Copyright © EBSCO Information Services
All rights reserved.