Insect Allergy
Overview
Causes
The cause of allergies is unknown. The symptoms are caused by an overreaction of the immune system. Venom from a sting or fluid from a bite may start the reaction.
Common stinging insects linked with allergies are:
- Honeybees
- Yellow jackets
- Hornets
- Wasps
- Fire ants
Common biting insects linked with allergies are:
- Blackflies
- Fleas
- Horseflies
- Mosquitoes
- Kissing bugs
Some insects leave debris in the house that cause reactions. They include:
- Cockroaches
- Midges
- Lake flies
- Caddis flies
These insects can cause reactions all year long. They can also set off asthma.
SymptomsandDiagnosis
Symptoms
Symptoms depend on the type of allergy.
A bite or sting can cause:
- Skin rash, or hives
- Itching
- Swelling, redness, and warmth
Rarely, stings or bites can cause severe or deadly reactions. The reaction is called anaphylaxis. It can cause:
- Skin rash, hives, itching, and swelling—in areas away from the sting site
- Swelling of the lips, tongue, face, throat, and eyelids
- Coughing, wheezing, or problems breathing
- Light-headedness, fainting
Insects that live in the house can cause:
- A runny nose or sneezing
- Coughing, wheezing, or problems breathing
Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam may be done. The doctor may suspect an allergy based on the reaction. An allergy doctor can help.
Tests may include:
- Skin prick test—tiny amounts of allergen are placed on the skin. The doctor will watch the area for a reaction. If a severe reaction happens, it will be treated right away.
- Blood test—to look at how the body responds to an allergen.
Treatments
Treatment
Treatment depends on how bad the reaction is. Some reactions cause trouble breathing. They need medical care right away.
General treatment may include:
- Ice—to reduce swelling
- Medicines, such as:
- Epinephrine injections after a sting—to treat severe reactions
- Antihistamines—to reduce swelling and itching
- Corticosteroids—for severe swelling, itching, stuffy nose, and sneezing
- Inhaled bronchodilators—to reduce wheezing, coughing, and problems breathing
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
Edits to original content made by Denver Health.
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