Osteosarcoma Child

Definition

Osteosarcoma is a common form of bone cancer. This cancer usually begins in bone-making cells called osteoblasts. This type of cancer can spread to other parts of the body.

Causes

The cause is not known. There may be a genetic link.

Risk Factors

Osteosarcoma is more common in teenage boys.

Factors that may increase the risk of osteosarcoma include:

• Genetic conditions, such as retinoblastoma and Li-Fraumeni syndrome
• History of radiation therapy

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

• Swelling or a lump at the location of the tumor—usually affects longer bones
• Pain at the tumor location
• Difficulty moving the affected limb
• Limping
• Deep bone pain severe enough to wake up your child
• Bone fractures (rare)

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your child’s symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.

Your child's bodily fluids and tissues may be tested. This can be done with:

• Blood tests
• Biopsy

Images may be taken of your child's bodily structures. This can be done with:

• X-ray
• Bone scan
• CT scan
• MRI scan

Treatment

Once cancer is found, the doctor will do staging tests to find out if the cancer has spread. Treatment depends on the stage and location of the cancer. Talk with the doctor and healthcare team about the best treatment plan for your child. Options include:

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. The drugs enter the bloodstream and travel through the body killing mostly cancer cells.

Surgery

Surgery involves the removal of the tumor, nearby tissues, and nearby lymph nodes. Surgery may require amputation of the limb . Whenever possible, the doctor will try to remove the cancerous part of the bone without amputation. Sometimes, treatment with chemotherapy can help avoid the need for amputation.

Radiation

With radiation therapy, radiation is directed at the tumor to kill the cancer cells.

Radiation of Tumor

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Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent osteosarcoma.