Electrical Burns and Injuries

Causes

Electrical burns and injuries are caused by contact with electrical currents. The currents may come from appliances, exposed wiring, or lightning strikes.

Risk Factors

Things that raise the risk are:

• Having a job with exposure to electric currents
• Working outdoors
• Being outside during thunderstorms
• Working with electric systems or appliances without proper training

Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the amount of electricity and length of exposure.

Symptoms may be:

• Severe muscle spasms
• Numbness or tingling
• Weakness or lightheadedness
• Burns on the skin
• Headache
• Confusion
• Seizures
• Heart pounding or fluttering from heart arrhythmias

Electric shock can also cause the lungs and heart to stop working.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on events and symptoms. A physical exam will be done.

The doctor will look at the skin. Burns will be diagnosed based on how severe they are:

Classification of Skin Burns

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The doctor will want to check for damage under the skin. Tests may include:

• ECG—to check the heart
• Urine or blood tests—to check for damage to muscles
• CT or MRI scans—to look for trauma to the body

Treatment

Electrical burns and injuries need care right away. Treatment will depend on how bad the injuries are.

Less severe symptoms may only need to be watched. Minor burns will be treated with ointments and dressings.

Severe shocks and injuries need emergency care. This may include:

• CPR
• Airway and breathing support
• IV fluids—to restore balance in the body
• Pain medicine
• Antibiotics and ointments
• Removal of dead tissue
• Surgery—for deeper burns and to repair some wounds

Prevention

To reduce the risk of electrical burns and injuries:

• Use child safety plugs in all outlets.
• Keep electric cords out of children's reach.
• Follow safety instructions when using electric appliances.
• Avoid being out in lightning storms.
• Follow safety instructions at work.