Vaginal Yeast Infection

Definition

A vaginal yeast infection is irritation of the vagina and the outside area around it, called the vulva.

Vagina

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Causes

A yeast infection is caused by an overgrowth of fungus that is normally found in small amounts in the vagina.

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase your chance of a yeast infection include:

• Situations that can cause hormonal changes, such as birth control pills , pregnancy, or menopause
• Broad-spectrum antibiotics
• Douching—irrigating the vagina
• Diabetes, especially when blood sugar is not well-controlled
• A compromised immune system from health conditions, such as HIV infection or chronic use of oral steroid medication

Symptoms

A vaginal yeast infection may cause:

• Mild to severe itching
• A clumpy vaginal discharge that may look like cottage cheese
• Soreness, irritation, or burning
• Rash or redness on the skin outside the vagina
• Painful urination
• Painful sexual intercourse

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. A swab test of vaginal discharge will taken to confirm the diagnosis.

It is important to see a doctor if you have symptoms. Other health conditions, such as sexually transmitted diseases, have symptoms that are similar to a yeast infection. These can include bacterial vaginosis , chlamydia , or gonorrhea .

Treatment

Medication

Depending on the severity of the infection, your doctor may recommend over-the-counter or prescription antifungal medication. Antifungal medications are available as oral tablets, intravaginal creams, or suppositories.

Prevention

To help reduce your chance of a yeast infection:

• Dry the outside vaginal area thoroughly after a shower, bath, or swim.
• Don't douche.
• If you have diabetes, try to control your blood sugar.
• Avoid frequent or prolonged use of antibiotics if possible.