Overview

Causes

Most blood normally flows out of the scrotum through a main vein. A series of valves helps the blood move through the veins. If a valve is not working well blood can backup in the vein and stretch it out. Over time the vein widens because of the constant pressure.

Risk Factors

Varicoceles typically develop in people with testes who are 15 to 25 years of age.

SymptomsandDiagnosis

Symptoms

A varicocele is an enlarged or twisted vein in the scrotum. It can be seen and felt. It may become larger when standing or straining. There may also be shrinkage of the testicles.

Diagnosis

The doctor will be ask about symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. The doctor can make the diagnosis based on the physical exam.

An ultrasound may be done if other problems are expected.

Treatments

Treatment

Not everyone needs treatment for this.

Treatment may be done to block off the faulty vein and let blood flow out through other veins.

  • Open surgery—The vein is surgically cut and tied off.
  • Catheter ablation—Heat is applied through a catheter to destroy the vein.
  • Catheter embolization—A substance is placed in the vein to block it.

Prevention

Varicoceles cannot be prevented.

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

Edits to original content made by Denver Health.