Viral Gastroenteritis

Causes

Viral gastroenteritis is caused by one of many viruses. The virus can spread easily through fluids of the mouth and nose. It is passed to surfaces and objects where it can live for hours. People touch the surface with the virus then touch their mouth, nose, or eyes. This is the easiest way for the virus to spread. The virus may also be spread through food or water that has the virus. Some common viruses include:

• Noroviruses
• Rotaviruses
• Enteric adenoviruses

Risk Factors

Children and older adults are more likely to get this infection. It can spread easily in:

• Child care centers
• Nursing homes
• Cruise ships
• College dormitories
• Campgrounds

Symptoms

The symptoms begin 1 to 2 days after contact with the virus. They usually last 1 to 2 days.

Symptoms may include:

• Watery diarrhea
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Belly cramps
• Fever
• Muscle aches
• Headache

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. A physical exam may be done. The doctor will suspect a virus based on symptoms.

Stool may need to be tested to see if the illness is severe or not passing. It will help to find the exact cause of the infection.

Treatment

The infection will pass on its own. Antibiotics are not helpful against viruses. Most will only need home care and rest.

IV fluids may be needed for people with severe nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting.

Prevention

The best way to prevent an illness is to avoid the virus. In general:

• Avoid contact with people who are sick.
• Wash hands often and thoroughly. Use warm water and soap.
• Disinfect household surfaces.
• Avoid sharing personal items, such as toothbrushes, towels, and drinking glasses.
• Take safety steps in countries that are more likely to have contaminated food and water. Only drink sealed bottled water. Avoid ice cubes and brushing teeth with tap water. Avoid eating raw foods, including vegetables.