Hiccups
Overview
Causes
Hiccups are caused by things that irritate a muscle in the chest. This muscle is called the diaphragm. It helps the lungs take in air during breathing.
Phrenic Nerve and Diaphragm |
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Risk Factors
Things that may raise the risk are:
- Eating habits—too much, too fast, or too spicy
- Drinking alcohol or fizzy drinks like soda
- Sudden changes in temperature
- Smoking
- Stress or strong emotions
- Certain medical procedures, such as endoscopy
Hard to control hiccups are more common in men. The risk is also higher in people with an underlying health problem or injury.
SymptomsandDiagnosis
Symptoms
The main symptom is a repeating spasm in the chest that cannot be controlled. A person may also make a gasping sound.
Diagnosis
Medical care may be needed if hiccups do not go away or cause other problems. The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam may be done. Tests may be done to look for a cause.
Tests may be:
- Blood and urine tests
- Electrocardiogram
- Echocardiogram
- Images of the body, such as:
- X-rays
- Ultrasound
- CT scan
- MRI scan
- Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Treatments
Treatment
Most hiccups go away on their own. Or they can be treated with methods at home, such as holding one's breath or breathing into a paper bag.
Hiccups that do not go away on their own may be treated with:
- Alternative methods, such as massage and acupuncture
- Medicines such as:
- Antipsychotics
- Antiseizure medicine
- Medicines to treat nausea
- Muscle relaxers
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
Edits to original content made by Denver Health.
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