Mood Disorder
Overview
Causes
The exact cause of mood disorders is not known. They are likely due to physical and mental traits. They can also come from changes in the brain.
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SymptomsandDiagnosis
Symptoms
Symptoms can vary. They may be:
- Lasting sadness, anxiety, or emptiness
- Feeling hopeless, helpless, or guilty
- Feeling tired, restless, or irritable
- Problems sleeping
- Loss of interest in sex, hobbies, and activities
- Problems with memory, focus, or decisions
- Changes in eating or weight
- Thoughts of death or suicide
Sometimes there are physical symptoms. Examples are aches and pains that cannot be explained.
Treatments
Treatment
The goal is to ease symptoms and improve function. Treatment depends on the type and severity of the condition. Severe mood disorders may need hospital care. Care is urgent if someone might hurt themselves or others.
A number of treatments may be used. Options may be:
- Medicines, such as:
- Antidepressants
- Mood stabilizers.
- Counseling—to help with coping
- Lifestyle changes, such as:
- A healthy diet
- Daily physical activity—to ease symptoms and stress.
- Limiting alcohol or drugs
Sometimes symptoms last, despite treatment. If symptoms are severe and lasting, options may be:
- Electroconvulsive therapy—a brief electric pulse to the brain to help reset it
- Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)—an implanted device that may alter signals to the brain
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)—a device that sends pulses to the brain
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
Edits to original content made by Denver Health.
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