Definition
Tinea capitis is a skin infection that affects the scalp. If not treated, it can lead to permanent hair loss and scarring.
Causes
Tinea capitis is caused by a fungus. The fungus invades hair shafts. It is spread by:
- Person-to-person contact
- Contact with the fungus on:
- Fallen hair
- Combs, hats, and bedding
- Contact with pets that have the fungus
Risk Factors
Tinea capitis is more common in children 3 to 7 years old. Other things that may raise the risk are:
- Sharing combs, brushes, or hats
- A weak immune system, such as with:
- HIV
- Certain long term diseases such as diabetes or cancer
- Crowded living conditions
- Large family size
Symptoms
Tinea capitis may cause:
- Itching of the scalp (not always present)
- Bald patches
- Scales, sores, or black dots on the scalp
Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. The person may be referred to a skin doctor.
Diagnosis is often based on a scalp exam. If the diagnosis is uncertain, the doctor may scrape the scalp or clip a few hairs for testing.
Tests on the sample may include:
- Microscopic exam
- Fungal culture
Treatment
The goal is to clear the infection. The main treatment for tinea capitis is antifungal medicine taken by mouth. Antifungal creams may also be added. Antifungal shampoos may help reduce the spread to others.
The condition can be difficult to treat.
Prevention
To reduce the risk of tinea capitis, do not share combs, brushes, or headgear.
Definition
Tinea capitis is a skin infection that affects the scalp. If not treated, it can lead to permanent hair loss and scarring.
Causes
Tinea capitis is caused by a fungus. The fungus invades hair shafts. It is spread by:
- Person-to-person contact
- Contact with the fungus on:
- Fallen hair
- Combs, hats, and bedding
- Contact with pets that have the fungus
Risk Factors
Tinea capitis is more common in children 3 to 7 years old. Other things that may raise the risk are:
- Sharing combs, brushes, or hats
- A weak immune system, such as with:
- HIV
- Certain long term diseases such as diabetes or cancer
- Crowded living conditions
- Large family size
Symptoms
Tinea capitis may cause:
- Itching of the scalp (not always present)
- Bald patches
- Scales, sores, or black dots on the scalp
Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. The person may be referred to a skin doctor.
Diagnosis is often based on a scalp exam. If the diagnosis is uncertain, the doctor may scrape the scalp or clip a few hairs for testing.
Tests on the sample may include:
- Microscopic exam
- Fungal culture
Treatment
The goal is to clear the infection. The main treatment for tinea capitis is antifungal medicine taken by mouth. Antifungal creams may also be added. Antifungal shampoos may help reduce the spread to others.
The condition can be difficult to treat.
Prevention
To reduce the risk of tinea capitis, do not share combs, brushes, or headgear.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
Edits to original content made by Denver Health.
Copyright © EBSCO Information Services
All rights reserved.
a
(Ringworm of the Scalp; Fungal Infection of the Scalp)
References
Leung AKC, Hon KL, et al. Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov. 2020;(1):58-68.
Tinea capitis (scalp ringworm). Merck Manual Professional Version website. Available at: https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dermatologic-disorders/fungal-skin-infections/tinea-capitis-scalp-ringworm. Accessed April 2, 2021.
Tinea capitis. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: https://www.dynamed.com/condition/tinea-capitis
Accessed April 2, 2021.
