Tooth Abscess

Causes

A tooth abscess is caused by bacteria. It begins when bacteria invade and infect the tissue around a tooth. This results in pus build-up. An abscess happens when the pus cannot drain.

Problems that allow bacteria to invade a tooth are:

• Severe tooth decay
• A break or crack in a tooth
• Failed root canal treatment
• Advanced periodontitis
• Dental trauma

Risk Factors

Things that may raise the risk of this problem are:

• A build up of tartar beneath the gum line
• Poor dental hygiene

Symptoms

A person with an abscess may have:

• Throbbing and pain in a tooth or gum area
• Sudden tooth pain
• Pain when biting
• Pain from hot or cold
• Redness, tenderness, or swelling of the gums
• Fever
• Bad breath or a foul taste in the mouth
• An open, draining sore on the gums
• A loose tooth

Diagnosis

The dentist will ask about symptoms and health history. A dental exam will be done.

Images may be taken of the tooth and the bone around it. This can be done with x-rays.

A sample of the abscess fluid may be taken and tested.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to ease symptoms and treat the infection. Options are:

Procedures

These procedures may be done to get rid of the infection:

• Drainage—An incision is made in the abscess to allow pus to drain from it
• Root canal—Pus and decayed tissue are removed from the inside of the tooth, then it is filled and sealed
• Tooth removal—A tooth with severe decay or infection is removed. It can be replaced with a partial bridge, denture, or tooth implant

Medication

Medicine may be given to ease pain. Antibiotics will be given to treat the infection.

Prevention

To lower the risk of this problem:

• Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and brush with fluoride toothpaste after meals or at least twice per day.
• Floss every day.
• Get regular dental check-ups and teeth and gum cleanings every six months.