Folliculitis

Causes

Folliculitis has many causes. It may be infectious or noninfectious.

The infectious type is caused by:

• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Viruses
• Parasites

The non-infectious type may be caused by:

• Shaving
• Irritation from clothing
• Some medicines
• Chemical exposure
• Sun exposure
• Missing nutrients in the diet

Folliculitis may also be caused by:

• Contact dermatitis
• Poison ivy
• Acne
• Rosacea

Risk Factors

Things that raise the risk of folliculitis are:

• Exposure to bacterial infection
• Overusing some medicines, such as:
  • Antibiotics
  • Corticosteroids put on the skin
• Having other skin conditions—especially those that itch
• Exposure to oils and chemicals
• Having a weak immune system
• Shaving against the direction of hair growth
• Using contaminated hot tubs, pools, or lakes

Symptoms

Symptoms of folliculitis may be:

• Itchy, red rash
• Crusty sores that do not heal
• Pus-filled blisters around the hair follicle

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about symptoms and health history. A physical exam may be done. Diagnosis can usually be made by looking at the skin. Testing may be done to determine the type and cause.

Tests may include:

• Swab of an open area—to look for infections
• Smear—a sample of an open area to be checked under a microscope
• Biopsy—a sample of skin is taken for testing
• Blood tests

Treatment

The goal of treatment is reduce the irritation and help the underlying cause. Options may be:

Medications

Folliculitis may be treated with medicines. They may be taken by mouth or applied to the skin.

• The infectious type may be treated with:
  • Antibiotics—for bacterial infections
  • Antifungal medicines—for fungal infections
  • Antiviral medicines—for viral infections
  • Antiparasitic medicines— for parasitic infections
• The non-infectious type may be treated with:
  • Corticosteroids
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Prevention

To reduce the risk of folliculitis:

• Avoid chemicals, especially at work.
• Shave in the direction that hair is growing.
• Use proper hygiene and handwashing.
• Clean pools and hot tubs regularly.