Food Allergy
Overview
Causes
A food allergy is when the body mistakes a food as being harmful. This makes the immune system release chemicals into the blood that cause symptoms to happen. The most common triggers of a food reaction are:
- Cow's milk
- Eggs
- Peanuts
- Wheat
- Soy
- Fish
- Shellfish
- Tree nuts such as walnuts and pecans
- Sesame seeds
SymptomsandDiagnosis
Symptoms
Symptoms may be:
- An itchy skin rash
- Swelling of the lips, mouth, or throat
- Coughing or wheezing
- Shortness of breath
- Belly cramps
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
Hives |
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Diagnosis
You will be asked about your symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done. The allergy can be confirmed with a:
- Skin prick test to look for a skin reaction when exposed to a food
- Blood test to look for an antibody that is present when you are exposed to a food
- An oral food challenge to watch for a reaction to a food that you eat with a healthcare provider present
You may need to see a doctor who treats allergies.
Treatments
Treatment
Some people may need medical care right away. Medicine will be given to help quickly open airways.
A food allergy can be managed. Options are:
Avoid the Food
The best way to manage this allergy is to avoid the allergen. Other foods that may have been around the allergen can also cause problems. Education about the allergen and food labels can be helpful.
Medication
Medicine can help to manage minor symptoms like itching. Avoidance is the most important step. Medicine should only be used if an allergen was eaten by accident. Minor symptoms can be managed with:
- Antihistamines to decrease swelling and itching
- Corticosteroids to treat severe swelling and itching
An epi pen is needed for those who have had severe reactions. It will deliver the medicine epinephrine. It can quickly open airways and ease swelling. It needs to be nearby at all times.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
Edits to original content made by Denver Health.
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