Cerebral Palsy
Overview
Causes
CP is caused by abnormal development or damage to parts of the brain that control movement. This may happen before, during, or after birth.
Risk Factors
CP is more common in premature and low-birth-weight babies. It is also more common in multiple births, such as twins or triplets. Other things that may raise the risk are:
- Infection in the membranes and fluid around the fetus
- Injury to the brain from lack of oxygen
- A bacterial infection in the blood of an infant
- Inflammation of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord
SymptomsandDiagnosis
Symptoms
Problems are different in each child. They may also change over time. The first sign is often when a child does not meet a milestone, such as rolling over. Signs often appear in children before 3 years of age.
These common problems may be mild or severe:
- Problems swallowing
- Moving the body without control
- Stiff or floppy muscles
- Problems walking or standing
- Learning problems
- Speech problems
- Tremors
Diagnosis
You will be asked about your child's symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. The child's motor skills and reflexes will be tested.
Images of the brain may be taken. This can be done with an:
- MRI scan
- CT scan
MRI Scan |
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Treatments
Treatment
There is no cure for CP. The goal is to help the child reach his or her fullest ability. A child will need care from pediatricians, specialists, physical therapists, and counselors. Common treatments are:
Rehabilitation Services
Speech, physical, and occupational therapy may help a child speak, move, walk, and do activities of daily living. Physical therapy also helps strengthen muscles and helps with fitness.
Physical Aids
Braces and splints may be used to ease muscle spasms and keep limbs in line. Walkers, scooters, and wheelchairs make it easier to move around.
Medicine
Medicine may be used to help ease symptoms, such as tight muscles.
Surgery
Some children may need surgery to help them sit, stand, and walk. These may be tendon transfers or lengthening, joint loosening, bone straightening, and nerve surgery.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
Edits to original content made by Denver Health.
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