Phimosis

Causes

The foreskin is connected to a newborn’s penis at birth. This called physiologic phimosis. As a child grows, the foreskin naturally separates from the head of the penis. In some boys, the foreskin does not separate. The reason why is not known.

In other cases, called pathologic phimosis, it may happen due to:

• Infection
• Scarring
• Adhesions
• Repeated forceful retraction of the foreskin
• Inflammation and swelling

Risk Factors

Phimosis is more common in young boys. It may also occur in older boys and men.

Risk factors for phimosis may include:

• Trauma
• Bacterial infections such as balanitis
• Poor hygiene

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

• Inability to retract the foreskin
• Pain
• Swelling and redness
• Scarring

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. It will include a genital exam. The diagnosis is made based on the ability of the foreskin to retract.

Treatment

Phimosis may improve with time. If treatment is needed it will be chosen depending on the cause of your phimosis. Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you.

Your doctor may advise medication that is applied to the area. Medication can help decrease swelling and loosen the skin.

If medication is not successful, a surgical procedure may be done. The foreskin may need to be partially or totally removed. This can be done with circumcision. Occasionally, small strands connecting the foreskin to the penis, called adhesions, can be removed.

Prevention

There are ways to reduce your chances of getting phimosis. These may include:

• When able to do so, gently retract the foreskin when urinating and bathing
• Maintain good hygiene of the penis and foreskin
• Circumcision to remove the foreskin