Abdominal Muscle Strain

Definition

An abdominal muscle strain is a partial or full tear of the small muscle fibers in the abdomen. The abdominal muscles are grouped around the abdomen and trunk. They make up the core muscles in our body.

Causes

Abdominal muscle strain is caused by:

• Activity that the muscle is not ready for
• Excessive exercise
• Improper technique while playing sports
• Lifting heavy objects
• Sharply twisting the body

Abdominal Muscles—Side View

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Risk Factors

These factors increase your chance of developing an abdominal muscle strain:

• Improper technique during sports activities, especially running and jumping
• Previous strain or injury to the area
• Muscle fatigue
• Tight abdominal muscles

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

• Muscle pain or soreness immediately after an injury
• Stiffness and discomfort
• Problems flexing or pain while stretching the muscle
• Pain when touching the area
• Muscle spasms
• Swelling or bruising

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.

Muscle strains are graded according to their severity:

• Grade 1—Some stretching with micro tearing of muscle fibers
• Grade 2—Partial tearing of muscle fibers
• Grade 3—Complete tearing of muscle fibers; this may also be called a rupture or avulsion

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Recovery time ranges depending on the grade of your injury. Treatment steps may include:

Supportive Care

Your muscle will need time to heal. Supportive care may involve:

• Rest—Activities may need to be restricted. Normal activities will be gradually reintroduced.
• Ice—Ice therapy may help relieve swelling. Heat or cold may be advised throughout recovery if they provide benefits.

Prescription or over-the-counter medications may be advised to reduce pain.

Physical Therapy

A physical therapist will assess the muscles. An exercise program will be created to help recovery and to strengthen the muscles.

Prevention

To help reduce your chance of getting another abdominal muscle strain, take the following steps:

• Do not overexert yourself while exercising.
• Get proper training for sports and exercises.
• Do exercises to strengthen your abdominal muscles.
• Learn how to properly lift heavy objects.
• If you are tired, stop exercising.