Addisons Disease
Overview
Causes
Primary Addison disease is caused by problems with the outer layer of the adrenal gland. This can happen slowly over time.
Addison disease is most often caused by the immune system attacking the gland. It is not known why this happens.
The gland may be harmed by infections, such as:
- Tuberculosis
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
- Fungal infections
Less common causes are:
- Some cancers
- Amyloidosis—buildup of certain proteins in tissue
- Bleeding in the glands—may happen because of blood thinning drugs or shock
- Having the glands removed with surgery
- Genetic problems or issues present at birth that make it hard for the glands to work as they should
- Some medicines
Secondary Addison disease can be caused by harm to the pituitary gland. This gland sends hormones that control the adrenal gland.
This disease may also happen when a person has taken corticosteroids for a long time and then stops.
SymptomsandDiagnosis
Symptoms
A person with Addison disease may:
- Be very tired
- Not be hungry or lose weight
- Have nausea and vomiting
- Have muscle and joint pain
- Have dark freckles on nipples, scars, skin creases, gums, mouth, and nail beds
- Crave salty foods
- Have mental health issues, such as depression
- Women may have:
- Dry and itchy skin
- Lack of sex drive
Treatments
Treatment
There is no cure. The goal is to manage symptoms and lower the risk of adrenal crisis.
Medicines can be given to replace missing hormones. The dose may need to be raised during times of stress or sickness, such as surgery, pregnancy, or trauma.
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.
Edits to original content made by Denver Health.
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