Spinous Process Fracture

Causes

Spinous process fractures are caused by trauma from:

• Falls
• Car, motorcycle, or pedestrian accidents
• Severe and sudden twisting or bending
• Severe blows to the back and spine
• Violence, such as a gunshot

Risk Factors

Older adults are at higher risk. Things that may increase the chance of a spinous process fracture are:

• Having health problems that weaken bones, such as osteoporosis
• Low muscle mass
• Playing sports that involve sudden twists and turns or extreme contact
• Not wearing a seatbelt
• Being around violence

Symptoms

Spinous process fractures can happen at any place in the spinal column. They may cause:

• Severe pain that may be worse when moving, coughing, or breathing
• Swelling and bruising
• Numbness, tingling, or weak muscles
• Problems moving the injured part of the spine
• Loss of bladder or bowel control

Unstable fractures may cause damage to the spinal cord. This can result in temporary or permanent paralysis.

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. Questions will also be asked about how the injury happened. A physical exam will be done. It will also look for nerve damage.

Pictures may be taken to look at the spine. This can be done with:

• X-rays
• MRI scan
• CT scan

Treatment

It may take weeks or months to heal. The goal of treatment is to help the bones heal properly to prevent long term problems.

Support

Support for a spinous process fracture can include:

• Medicine to ease pain and swelling
• A back brace to support the bone as it heals
• Exercises to help with strength, flexibility, and range of motion

Surgery

People with a severe fracture may need surgery. Screws, rods, wires, or cages will be used to reconnect bone pieces and hold them in place.

Prevention

Most fractures happen due to accidents. Healthy bones and muscles may help prevent injury. This may be done through diet and exercise.